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The "lump" on top of "B" turret looks to me like a "UP mounting" (Unrotated Projectile). This is a battery of 7" rocket tubes, 20 tubes in all, which fire "aerial mines" up into the sky, each mine then deploying a parachute and descending to earth, hopefully becoming entangled in the enemy aircraft it had been fired against on the way down. Not a very successful weopon since as they returned to earth, unexploded mines could become tangled up in the rigging of the ships that had fired them, a real risk to the ship's light AA gunners, manning their guns in exposed positions on deck. Barham received a UP mounting on the roof of "B" turret in early 1940, but this was removed in "early 1941", and replaced by two 4-barrel 0.5in MGs in the same position. Many of the large ships received these UP mountings at around the same time, and they all seem to have been removed in 1941 - mostly after the loss of HMS Hood (May 1941). JCS
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