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Oliver Cromwell is another well-celebrated English historical figure for he did as much as any English ruler to shape the future of England. He & his revolutionary followers overthrew England's monarchy in 1642 & executed King Charles I. He then became England's ruler ["Lord Protector"] who for the 1st time in its long history as a kingdom, was ruled by a commoner instead of a king. But monarchy is a strong tradition in England & so, Charles brother who was in exile in France, was made king after Cromwell's death. The monarchy then was restored in England.
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Western Europe
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