The settlement of Black Hawk was founded in 1859 after the discovery of gold in the area. With the coming of the Colorado Central Railway in 1872, linking the town with Golden, Black Hawk began to flourish. At its peak, the population was over 2000, but began to decline in the early 20th century.

In a 1990 statewide referendum that allowed gambling in Colorado, Black Hawk received a welcomed boost to its economy. Many of the buildings have been restored to their former glory and converted into casinos.

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