欧洲之旅第三站 – 奥地利萨尔茨堡 ( 19.04.08 )

奥地利（ Austria ）

萨尔茨堡 ( Salzburg )

萨尔茨堡是一座中世纪城市，是世界知名的文化艺术城，音乐大师莫扎特的故乡，经常举行歌剧、戏剧或大型音乐会。该城建造于1077～1861年之间，其建筑风格酷似威尼斯和佛罗伦萨，有“北方罗马”之称。其老城1996年被列人世界文化遗产名录。

Salzburg is on the banks of the Salzach river, at the northern boundary of the Alps. The mountains to Salzburg's south contrast with the rolling plains to the north. The closest alpine peak – the 1972 m Untersberg – is only a few kilometres from the city centre. The Altstadt, or "old town", is dominated by its baroque towers and churches and the massive Festung Hohensalzburg. This area is surrounded by two smaller mountains, the Mönchsberg and Kapuzinerberg as the green lung of the city. Salzburg is approximately 150 km east of Munich, Germany, and 300 km west of Vienna.

米拉贝尔花园 ( Mirabell Garden )

萨尔斯堡还有一个游客必到之处，这就是米拉贝尔花园。 处在音乐之乡的这座花园自然与音乐有不解之缘。莫扎特在1781年之前担任萨尔斯堡主教的首席宫廷乐师多年，曾经在花园的大理石厅演奏过他的乐曲，也曾经同他的家人在大理石厅里翩翩起舞。莫扎特的脚迹无疑是花园历史上留下的美妙的音符。 但游客不完全是踩着莫扎特的点子来的。米拉贝尔花园有它自己的韵味和魅力。建园之初人们称它为阿尔特瑙宫。1606年，时任主教的沃尔夫•迪特里希决定在城外营造一处别宫，金屋藏娇，让美丽的情人莎乐美•阿尔特（Salome Alt）居住。主教在选址时费了一番心机。宫殿既不能在城里，引人注目；又不能离城太远，不便往来。于是，在萨尔斯河边，主教主持教务的霍恩萨尔斯堡目力所及的一块平地上便修起了一座巴洛克风格的宫廷建筑。主教站在位于山顶的霍恩萨尔斯堡这一面的窗口，时刻都可以看到他情人居住的地方，了解他情人的起居和活动。可惜好景不长，1612年沃尔夫•迪特里希被免除教职，身陷囹圄。其继任者将阿尔特瑙宫改名为米拉贝尔花园。 莫扎特

Mirabell Palace, with what is perhaps the finest Registery Office of the world, is certainly a place of great beauty and the palace gardens are equally delightful. The gardens were designed by Fischer von Erlach in 1960 to the orders of Archbishop Johann Ernst Thun; groups of sculptures, the weirdly humourous Dwares`Garden exquistily planned folwer beds, the maze and the "hedge Theatre" are a joy for every visitor.

The palace was built in 1606 by Bishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau for Salome Alt, woman who gave birth to 15 children (10 children stayed alive) to him. Von Raitenau was a catholic bishop and his woman was jewish and he said to pope in Rome that it's just the enemy lies about and he is real son of the catholic church. But in 1612 Bishop von Raitenau was arrested and Salome Alt left the castle. In 1818 castle was burned in the city fire and then was re-built.

莫扎特故居 ( Mozart’s Birthplace )

奥地利18世纪著名音乐大师莫扎特出生的地方。它坐落在萨尔茨堡市粮食大街9号。这是一座金黄色的6层楼建筑。公元1756年1月27日莫扎特就诞生在这里，共度过了他的童年。莫扎特14岁被任命为宫廷乐师。1781年，他向宫廷提出辞呈，迁居维也纳，从而打开维也纳古典音乐的大门，直到1791年1月5日逝世。为了纪念他，1917年把这里辟为莫扎特故居博物馆。馆内陈列着莫扎特生前使用过的小提琴、木琴和钢琴、亲笔写的乐谱、书信以及亲自设计的舞台剧蓝图等。馆内如今还珍藏着莫扎特的一缕金色头发。故居前面是莫扎特广场，广场中央竖立着莫扎特全身铜像。莫扎特故居是到萨尔茨堡的游客们必到之处。

In Getreidegasse no. 9, is where the Leopold Mozart family lived from 1747 to 1773. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born here on January 27, 1756. Today the rooms once occupied by the Mozart family house a museum. The most famous exhibits include Mozart's childhood violin, his concert violin, his clavichord, the pianoforte, portraits and correspondence of the Mozart family.

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