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Under Sir Robert of Ashton, later Constable of Dover Castle & "Warden of the Cinque Ports," Portchester Castle acquired a new tower, now known as Ashton's Tower. This had a suite of private chambers inside fortified walls. (I'm not sure if Ashton Tower is the massive tower where I took these pics.) As the first structure in England with gun-ports providing all-round protection & defense, this building shows how as early as the 1380's the nature of warfare had changed.
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Western Europe
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